History Atomic Bomb Essay - 3526 Words

In early August 1945 atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These two bombs quickly yielded the surrender of Japan and the end of American involvement in World War II. By 1946 the two bombs caused the death of perhaps as many as 240,000 Japanese citizens1. The popular, or traditional, view that dominated the 1950s and 60s Ââ€" put forth by President Harry Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson Ââ€" was that the dropping of the bomb was a diplomatic maneuver aimed at intimating and gaining the upper hand in relations with Russia. Today, fifty-four years after the two bombings, with the advantage of historical hindsight and the advantage of new evidence, a third view, free of obscuring bias and passion,†¦show more content†¦Trumans monumental decision to drop these bombs was born out of the complex background discussed above. Pressure to drop the bomb stemmed from three major categories: military, domestic and diplomatic. The mil itary pressures stemmed from discussion and meetings Truman had with Secretary of War Stimson, army chief of Staff General Marshal Chief of Staff, Admiral William Leahy, Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal and others. On June 18th, 1945, general Marshall and Secretary of War Stimson convinced Truman to set an invasion of the island of Kyushu for November 19457. Truman knew of the ferocious fighting currently taking place in the Pacific, and naturally had a desire to minimize what the ferocious fighting currently taking place in the Pacific, and naturally had a desire to minimize what he fled would inevitably be a long, bloody struggle8. In an article written to Harpers magazine two years after the dropping of the bombs. Stimson wrote that the, Allies would be faced with the enormous task of destroying an armed force of five million and five thousand suicide aircraft, belonging to a race that had already amply demonstrated its ability to fight literally to the death. 9 Stimson, Truman and others believed the invasion of the Japanese mainland would be extremely costly, and therefore embraced the bomb as a military weapon whose use fully condoned the never questioned. Trumans feelings that the bomb was a necessary military weapon can be seen inShow MoreRelated History Atomic Bomb Essay3454 Words   |  14 Pages In early August 1945 atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These two bombs quickly yielded the surrender of Japan and the end of American involvement in World War II. By 1946 the two bombs caused the death of perhaps as many as 240,000 Japanese citizens1. The popular, or traditional, view that dominated the 1950s and 60s – put forth by President Harry Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson – was that the dropping of the bomb was a diplomatic maneuver aimedRead MoreThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb Essay1734 Words   |  7 PagesPeter Lim History 435 4/30/2015 The dropping of the atomic bomb was used to save American lives; the most common excuse as to why President Harry Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan. In Major Problems in the History of World War II it has been discussed in the chapter The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II that former President Truman recalled how he learned about the atomic bomb project as well as the public opinion on the Atomic Bomb. I believe that the solution that TrumanRead Morecritical evaluation Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Evaluation Essay: A Petition to the President of the United States The atomic bombs that were dropped on Japan in 1945 were not seen as a logical reaction to the war by everyone. Leo Szilard was a Hungarian physicist that was the first to conceive of the mechanics of the atomic bomb, and how it worked. He was fighting the use of these bombs on Japan, and trying to urge the President to reconsider the idea. Although he lost the argument over whether to use the bombs, his argument was validRead MoreWhy the Atomic Bomb Was the Wrong Choice Essay example1340 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II played host to some of the most gruesome and largest mass killings in history. From the start of the war in 1939 until the end of the war in 1945 there were three mass killings, by three big countries on those who they thought were lesser peoples. The rape of Nanking, which was carried out by the Japanese, resulted in the deaths of 150,000 to 200,000 Chinese civilians and POW. A more well-known event was of the Germans and the Holocaust. Hitler and the Nazi regime persecuted and killedRead More The Atomic Bomb Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pages it will be discussed why the Atomic Bomb is the biggest method of destruction known to man. The paper will be discussing the results of the Atomic Bombs, along with the effects years after the initial explosion. People always wonder how many people actually died in the two Atomic Bombs which were dropped in Japan. This question will be answered, along with the method that citizens were actually killed by the bomb. Besides the initial blast winds that an Atomic Bomb gives off, people may be killedRead MoreWas the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki the only way to put an end to World War 2?716 Words   |  3 Pagesjustifiable, there are many that would agree the USA’s actions were justifiable in dropping the â€Å"atom bomb† in the case where the relentlessness of the Japanese was too much for the USA, the USA were running out of supplies being that they were running out of ammunition, medical supplies for first aid, funds and most importantly for a war troops. Either way it was not right to just drop the â€Å"atom bomb† on a country in order to get them to get them (Japanese) to withdraw from the war (WWII). The sameRead MorePresident Truman and the First Atomic Bomb Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesAtomic Bomb Essay In 1945, World War Two was coming to an end. Following Adolf Hitler’s suicide, and Nazi Germany’s unconditional surrender on May 7, 1945, the war in Europe was finally over. The allies began began postwar planning for future, as well as establishment of post-war order and peace treaties issues. America’s war wasn’t done yet as they were still fighting Japan, eventually pushing them back to their main islandRead MoreAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1074 Words   |  5 Pageswhich WWII could have ended. Rather than taking the risk of dropping atomic bombs on Japan, many people believe that one of the alternative options would have been much more sensible. The variety of possible options the U.S. could have taken to finish the war have been analyzed for years. Though Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki is one of the most controversial and debated topics in history, this researcher believes that he made the right choice. This researcher’sRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki982 Words   |  4 PagesHiroshima, it only makes me wonder what was going through the mind of President Harry Truman when he gave the â€Å"green light† to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It has been more than 70 years since that happened and the conclusion of World War II, and yet the legacy remains in our modern day history books and class lectures. But was deploying the atomic bombs on Japan really necessary? What was Truman thinking? And did the end really justify the means? Truly, upon reading Takaki’s HiroshimaRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb1470 Words   |  6 Pagesover 70 years since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, they remain controversial as conscientious struggle with the ethics of using such weaponry in the course of armed conflict. President Truman had a number of options apart from the atomic bomb. He could have left the invasion of Japan to the Russians, whom wanted revenge for the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, as well as the more recent conflict in Manchuria (Goldman, 2012). The dropping of the atomic bombs must have shocked many who

Importance Of Contraception On Sexual Relationships

Thought Assignment #3: Importance of contraception in sexual relationship. I decided to choose Campo-Engelstien’s paper to write about contraception for this assignment because it fits more to answer the questions. Campo-Engelstien’s paper describes how men is biologically, and socially different between women with everything about sex; with their uncontrollable libido about sex and their desire of it. When one is in a sexual relationship with his/her partner, pregnancy is one of the major concerns each might have to think about. Contraception is the main key to prevent the pregnancy unless they are planning to get pregnant. If one person do not agree on preventing pregnancy than it may affect their relationship status as well as their lives. This is the most risky and fastest way to affect one’s life to be clasps and in most cases, it happens in women than men. In my personal opinion, contraception is the key for in every sexual relationship. Getting pregnant i s easy but having and rising up a baby is a total different task. Getting pregnant only requires to have a sex but rising up a baby requires so many things such as money, education, safe environment and providing a good health. Therefore, if both man and woman are not ready or planning to have a baby then, contraception is essential. Moreover, they both have to agree on it. If one is contrasting the other with the idea of contraception then it is less likely to improve or continue their relationship. Both gendersShow MoreRelatedLow Income Black And Hispanic Adolescent Females Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pages1: So why are we targeting low-income black and Hispanic adolescent females you may ask? They are at higher risk, than other ethnicities, for acquiring an STD and/or experiencing an unplanned pregnancy. Increased utilization of dual contraception is of great importance in these communities. Adolescent females in general are less likely to use dual forms of protection from STDâ⠂¬â„¢s and unplanned pregnancy. Young women, due to their anatomy tend to be more susceptible to STD’s than are young men. BlackRead More Pat Barkers Regeneration1667 Words   |  7 PagesContraception is a word commonly used in society today. With hundreds of types, brands, and methods of contraception available, it is hard to imagine a world without it or one in which it was against the law. However, decades ago at the turn of the 20th century, birth control was not easy to get or looked upon as socially acceptable. It was during the First World War that society began to see the emergence of contraception and its acceptance. Readers can also see its emergence in Regeneration onRead MoreEssay about Jewish Sexual Ethics1295 Words   |  6 PagesSexual ethics provide a framework for Jewish conduct so that the tradition may continue in stability and morality Evaluate the accuracy of this statement. Sexual Ethics are integral to Judaism because they provided direct guidance on how to behave morally and in accordance with the Torah and God. Although, over many years Jews were suffering from persecution, they are currently showing stability which can be attributed to the framework that is outlined through the strong ethics that theyRead MoreHigh Risk Sexual Behavior At North Carolina1231 Words   |  5 Pages It is known that a lot of adolescents engage in different sexual intercourse before they even graduate from high school. A study that was conducted in 2014 by the Department of Psychology at the University of North Carolina stated how this type of high risk sexual behavior is the reason as to why these kinds of actions have resulted in more than 9 million new cases involving sexually transmitted diseases, and 8,300 new cases of human immunodeficiency viruses, which include thingsRead MoreIntimate Relationships And Sexual Relationships1196 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloping intimate relationships is a natural part of growing up. Intimacy is about being emotionally close to someone, and being able to share your feelings and thoughts without any restrictions. Many teens think that Intimate relationships are always sexual, but most of the time they are not, as there are many types of intimate relationships such as friendships and romantic relationships. Over the years, it has been argued that there is no Catholicism without relationships. Catholics believeRead MoreTexas Sexual Education Policy : A Proposed Policy Change1625 Words   |  7 Pages Texas Sexual Education Policy: A Proposed Policy Change Aneetta Alex GOVT 2306.0U2: State and Local Government University of Texas at Dallas Summer 2016 Texas Sexual Education Policy: A Proposed Policy Change Texas currently does not have mandated sexual education for students. In a deeply conservative state, sexual education is extremely taboo because many parents feel as though sexual education can promote sexual activity in young adults. When tracking the history of sexual educationRead MoreThe Prevention Of Teenage Pregnancy Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesAn issue that is currently plaguing American teenagers today is the access to different types of contraception. This lack of access can lead to higher rates of teenage pregnancy and an increase in sexually transmitted diseases among teenagers. The sexually active teenagers who have been given better access to contraception are less likely to become pregnant or contract an STD, in comparison to their peers who do not have access. With the prevention of teenage pregnancy, comes the prevention of futureRead MoreEssay about A Jewish Marriage Ceremony1202 Words   |  5 Pagesproblem that a newly-married couple might face is issues aris ing from sea including ‘what is kosher sex? ‘Can I use contraception?’ and ‘is abortion right?’ to answer these questions in order to solve these issues, Jews should look for guidance from the TeNaKh or their Rabbi. In Jewish thinking, sexual behavior is only acceptable within marriage. Through sexual intercourse, husband and wife fulfill the first commandment of the Torah, ‘Go forth and multiply’ (GenesisRead MoreThe Importance Of Birth Control1349 Words   |  6 PagesShould birth control be accessible to women? Should birth control be covered by insurance? There are many public debates covering the topic of birth control. Some of these debates cover which methods of contraception are the most effective ways at obtaining couple’s reproductive plans, while other debates include whether or not insurance should cover the cost of contraceptive, also the short and long term effects, how to increase use of birth control among sexually active individuals, and there areRead MoreSelf Reflection Health Psychology Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesLO’s covered: Week 12 * Describe the changes in sexual attitudes and behaviour of young people in Ireland. * Discuss the social, economic and cultural explanations for the increase in the rate of teenage pregnancy in Ireland over the past decade. * Describe current public policy and guidance as it pertains to the sexual health of young people. Week 13 Describe the psychology of bereavement with reference to adult grief responses and the stages of mourning. Week 15 Discuss

Stalin and the Five Year Plans Free Essays

Stalin’s technique to take Germany forward was using five year plans. Stalin believed there was need for these five- year plans as : First of all many of the regions were behind other countries in growth and that the USSR were backward Stalin believed that to be be backward you are defeated and enslaved but if you are powerful people must beware of you. Stalin also believed (with Lenin) the USSR should overtake and out strip the capitalist countries He believed Socialism in one country and the USSR would be powerful enough to survive then would take over the rest of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Stalin and the Five Year Plans or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another reason for the 5 year plans was because he believed that Germany would invade and in one of his speechs he said â€Å"If we make a good difference in 10 years or so they will crush us. Lastly the 5 year plans included a lot of useful propaganda which helped protray Stalin as a very pleasant and powerful man. In the first five year plan Stalin focused on radip industrialisation. He demanded a 200% increase in iron production and a 335% in electrical power. To do this Stalin used alot of prisoners as they were cheap and in a large supply. If a worker was found guilty of treason for any reason they would either be shot or sent to forced labor on the Baltic Sea Canal or the Siberian railway. In Soviet Union workers constructed damns,roads,railways and canals which all helped to expand the industry and manufacturing. Although factory output soared as a result of the first Five year plan the agricultural production was damaged. In 1932, grain production was 32 % below average whic resulted in a widespread famine. Second plan For the Second FIve Year Plan, Stalin expanded the goals of his previous plan and continued to emphasise on heavy industry. This plan’s aim was to advance the Soviet Unions communication systems especially railways which improved in speed and reliability. The Second Five Year Plan didnt reach the level of success that the First Five Year plan did with the production levels in coal and oil industries. The First Five year plan encouraged a high status family life and In the Second Five Year Plan initiated a lower standard of living as consumer preferences were disregarded and focus shifted toward military goods and heavy industry Third Plan The Third Five year plan lasted for only three year, as it was interrupted by Germany’s declaration of war on the Soviet Union During world war II. Stalin continued to implement additional Five Yer Plans in the Years following WWII. By 1952 the industrial production was nearly double 1941 level. Stalin’s Five Year Plans helped transform the Soviet Union from an untrained Society of Peasent to an advanced industrial economy. How to cite Stalin and the Five Year Plans, Essay examples

Naturalism Moscow Arts Center the Seagle Essay Example For Students

Naturalism Moscow Arts Center the Seagle Essay The third, and most significant in the history of drama, indicates a movement in Which the method Of accurate production and the specific philosophical position are organically and usually consciously fused. Raymond Williams Naturalism started in France in the asses. Naturalism is a style in theatre that tries to bring a sense of reality to the stage through various methods, detailed sets, an inputted literary style that reflects the way real people speak, and a style of acting that tries to recreate reality often by trying to get the actor to have a complete identification with the role they are playing, Later Constantine Servicing Eyelashes (who took the stage name Statistically) came up with a system of actor training which went hand in hand with Naturalism. The main spokesman tort naturalism when it first emerged was Mile Cola, he wrote mostly novels and wanted to reform the way they were written he also wanted to reform the play. Colas first major statement about naturalism was in his novel, The ©r ©SE Raisin, which was first brought to the stage in 1873. The preface of The ©r ©SE Raisin stated his views about naturalism in the theatre and in the novel. He felt that the theatre was years behind the novel and suffered from old and outdated inventions. Cola didnt like the distortion of psychology to create sympathy for a character or unrealistic writing with complicated plots that usually ended with a satisfying resolution. In its place, Cola wanted plays which would avoid the complications and unbelievable plots and characters typical Of the 19th Century and substitute the depiction of human beings caught in the coils of fate. Theresa Raisin would seem today far from naturalistic. It would appear to be more Of a melodramatic story about love and murder and betrayal, and suicide brought on by conscience. A pair Of lovers commits murder in order to be together. The focus is seemingly on the nature of the consciences of Laurent and Theresa. In the third act we see the mounting remorse of the two conspirators. But the final scene is pure melodrama: Mme. Raisin enters, overhears their confession of Camisoles murder and is stricken with paralysis. The last act returns to exploration of their consciences and it is conscience and exposure that drive them to their suicides. The play ran only nine performances. Even though The ©r ©SE Raisin wouldnt be considered completely naturalistic it was the first real venture into tiramisu and it is hard to have a play that is completely naturalistic even today. The ©r ©SE Raisin was on for nine performances after that Cola ended up with a lot followers who were passionate about his new style of theatre. When naturalism first came about there was a lack Of good naturalistic plays Which could were able to incomes all of its principles. Henry Becquerel captured the essence of naturalism in tuft of his plays, The Vultures (1882) and La Parishioner (1885). But Becquerel refused to comply with suggested changes when the shows were first produced in a conservative theatre, so naturalism was still not really accepted, The Independent Theatre Movement or the The ©tree Libber was started in 1858 And © Antoine. It was a means to make Naturalism more acceptable by the public, Antoine became known as the father of naturalistic staging, He had very little acting or theatre experience. When he wanted to produce a authorization of a Cola novel, the amateur groups refused so he founded the The ©tree Libber. His initial shows were a success and by the end of 1887 he was famous, The The ©tree Libber used a subscription basis for its patrons and the productions were open only two members so the theatre was exempt from censorship. This meant they were able to put on a lot of plays that had been refused licenses in other theatres. He continued to work in the theatre until 1914. As well as pushing the naturalistic styles the The ©tree Libber also began producing foreign work usually two or three a year, which opened up a world theatre to Prance. Colas successor as theoretical spokesperson for naturalism was the less well known Jean Julie (1854-1919). His play The Serenade was introduced by the The ©Street Libber in 1887. Antoinette production techniques were considered very innovative. The theatre was not without its problems, as actors became ell-known, they left the company. Antoinette high standards left him always in debt and his theatre did only three performances of any production. By 1894, Antoine left the The ©tree Libber and opened the The ©tart Antoine in Paris in 1897. His influence to the acceptance of naturalism and realism was huge and he also helped in the development of the independent theatre movement. The preface Theresa Raisin notes on naturalism: Either the theatre will die or it will become modern and naturalistic. Tragedy must disappear. (the] moral impersonality of a work is all-important, for it raises the question f morality. l am simply an observer, who states the facts.. In history, in criticism, the study facts and surroundings replaces the old scholastic rules. In the purely literary works, nature intervenes and reigns with is no longer an intellectual abstractor; nature determines and completes him. The century belongs to the naturalists, to the direct sons of Derider___ am waiting for someone to put a man of flesh on the stage, taken from reality, scientifically analyzed, and described without one lie. M waiting for someone to rid us of fictitious characters, of these symbols of virtue and vice which have no worth as human data. I am waiting for environment to determine the characters and the characters to act according to the logic of facts combined with logic of their own disposition. Naturalism usually looked at some of the more degraded aspects Of louver class life. Cola was greatly influenced by Claude Barnyards Introduction to Experimental Medicine. It was study of the effects of environment on bodily organs and changes in body chemistry on behavior. The EverChanging American Culture EssayStatisticians was to have control over stage direction while Enharmonic-Attendance was assigned the literary and administrative duties. The original ensemble was made up of amateur actors from the Society of Art and Literature and from the dramatic classes of the Moscow Philharmonic Society, where Statisticians and Enharmonic-Attendance had taught, they were also influenced by the German Meaning Company. After around 70 rehearsals, the Moscow Art Theatre opened with Alleles Tolstoy Tsar Foods Innovation in October 1898. For its fifth production it staged Anton Chekhov The Seagull, With its revival of The Seagull, the Art Theatre not only achieved its first major success but also began a long artistic association with one of Russians most celebrated plan »frights, in Chekhov artistic realism. The theatre discovered a writer suited to its aesthetic sensibilities. In The Seagull, as in all of Chekhov plays, the Art Theatre emphasized the subtext, the underlying meaning of the playwrights thought. Artistically, the Art Theatre tried all that was Its repertoire included works f Misaims Gorky, L. N. Andresen, Leo Tolstoy, Maurice Maintenance, and Gerhard Huffman, and it staged works of political and social significance as well as satires, fantasies, and comedies. The first six years ever the most creative. Vladimir Enharmonic-Attendance and Statisticians started to argue over the future policy of the theatre and Statisticians was going through a personal crises as well as he fealty he had stopped being creative as an actor _ He fealty that he had become very mechanical and that he had nothing really to communicate to the actor. It was out Of this personal crises that the system was born. Statisticians fealty that he had masters the outer actions of his performances such as external moves and special awareness and relationships but what he wanted was to be able to controls his inner actions. The problem he faced was how could he invoke and controls emoticons. Surviving the Russian Revolution of 1905 he begun his work on the system in 1906 using the notebook materiel he had amassed over the years. His ideas didnt get accepted straight away in the Moscow Arts Theatre or in general. By 1911 the system was declared the official acting method of the Moscow Arts Centre. At this stage the relationship between Vladimir Enharmonic-Attendance and Statisticians was worse than ever before, Statisticians search for new creative ideas all the time was at odds with his colleagues who wanted stability with what they thought a working for-null that had brought them success. The next Russian Revolution of 1917 was another close call and apparently Lenin and and AM, Lunacys, intervened to protect them from any harm. In 1922 the Art Theatre toured Europe and the United States, garnering critical acclaim wherever it performed Returning to Moscow in 1924, the theatre continued to produce new Soviet plays and Russian classics until its evacuation in 1941 _ In 1922-24 the theatre went on tour to Paris and to the United States where it caused a huge impact especially to American acting. It presented plays by Tolstoy, Gorky, Toothache and Other Russian dramatists in their own language, and they appeared in a large group, more than fifty in all. The American Defense Society protested against their entrance on the theory that they were Communist propagandists, to which Statisticians answered: It is not so. We have no connection with the Soviet Government. We are interested only in art. It is our art that we have come to bring you, not politics. [71 After vivo successful tours of London in the late asses and early ass the theatre reestablished its preeminence in world theatre. The Art Theatre had a very big influence on theatres all over the world. After the huge impact of the tour one of Bailiwicks students, Lee Stranger, went on to co-found The Group Theater in 1931 with Harold Coalman and Cheryl Crawford. It was the first American acting company to put Statisticians first discoveries into theatrical practice, Volleyballs had been in Statisticians class when he was experimenting with Affective Memory (Statisticians proposed that actors study and experience emotions ND feelings and to manifest them to audiences by physical and vocal means). Statisticians theory later evolved to rely on Physical Action inducing feelings and emotions. Affective Memory is applied in Statisticians System but not as much so as in Lee Strangers Method. The Moscow Art Theater School opened in 1943 as an affiliation of the Moscow Art Theater. Vladimir Enharmonic- Attendance was the main creator of the school On March 21, 1943 the leaders of the Moscow Art Theater gathered together at Enharmonic-Danknesss apartment. On April 25, 1943, not long after that meeting took place, Nonnumeric- Attendance passed away, and in his legacy as a teacher and director, he left behind his great ideas for the school. On April 26, 1943 the Soviet Ministry of Culture amortized the name of the great master in establishing the theater at The Moscow Art Theater School, named after Enharmonic-Attendance. The core of the acting method taught at the school was originally the same as was being thought at the Moscow Art Theater, Statisticians system. They wanted the same sense of truth and real life on the stage, the truth of organic acting. In 1956, emerging from the heart of the Moscow Art Theater, the Governments Contemporary) Theater was born.

Management Styles free essay sample

Management Styles Take a quiz: PowerPoint In many management text books the three most talked about management styles are democratic, autocratic and consultative. Selecting the correct management style may lead to greater motivation and productivity from your staff. However, it is not as easy as just picking a style. Managers personalities and characteristics will influence the type of style adopted. For example a timid manager will find an autocratic management style difficult to adopt. Democratic Management Style A democratic manager delegates authority to his/her staff, giving them responsibility to complete the task given to them (also known as empowerment). Staff will complete the tasks using their own work methods. However, the task must be completed on time. Employees are involved in decision making giving them a sense of belonging and motivating individuals. Because staff feel a sense of belonging and are motivated the quality of decision making and work also improves. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Styles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although popular in business today, a democratic management style can slow decision making down because staff need to be consulted. Also some employees may take advantage of the fact that their manager is democratic by not working to their full potential and allowing other group members to carry them. Autocratic Management Style In contrast to the above an autocratic manager dictates orders to their staff and makes decisions without any consultation. The leader likes to control the situation they are in. Decision are quick because staff are not consulted and work is usually completed on time. However this type of management style can decrease motivation and increase staff turnover because staff are not consulted and do not feel valued. Consultative Management style A consultative management style can be viewed as a combination of the above two. The manager will ask views and opinions from their staff, allowing them to feel involved but will ultimately make the final decision. Laissez Faire Management style A laisses faire manager sets the tasks and gives staff complete freedom to complete the task as they see fit. There is minimal involvement from the manager. The manager however does not sit idle and watch them work! He or she is there to coach or answer questions, supply information if required. There are benefits, staff again are developed to take responsibility which may lead to improved motivation. However with little direct guidance from the manager staff may begin to feel lost and not reach the goals originally set within the time frame. Diagram: Different forms of management styles [pic]

Parsing Text Files With Perl

Parsing Text Files With Perl Parsing text files is one of the reasons Perl makes a great data mining and scripting tool. As youll see below, Perl can be used to basically reformat a group of text. If you look down at the first chunk of text and then the last part at the bottom of the page, you can see that the code in the middle is what transforms the first set into the second. How to Parse Text Files As an example, lets build a little program that opens up a tab separated data file, and parses the columns into something we can use. Say, as an example, that your boss hands you a file with a list of names, emails, and phone numbers, and wants you to read the file and do something with the information, like put it into a database or just print it out in a nicely formatted report. The files columns are separated with the TAB character and would look something like this: Larry larryexample.com 111-1111 Curly curlyexample.com 222-2222 Moe moeexample.com 333-3333 Heres the full listing well be working with: #!/usr/bin/perl open (FILE, data.txt); while (FILE) { chomp; ($name, $email, $phone) split(\t); print Name: $name\n; print Email: $email\n; print Phone: $phone\n; print -\n; } close (FILE); exit; Note:Â  This pulls some code from the tutorial on how to read and write files in Perl. What it does first is open a file called data.txt (that should reside in the same directory as the Perl script). Then, it reads the file into the catchall variable $_ line by line. In this case, the $_ is implied and not actually used in the code. After reading in a line, any whitespace is chomped off the end of it. Then, the split function is used to break the line on the tab character. In this case, the tab is represented by the code \t. To the left of the splits sign, youll see that Im assigning a group of three different variables. These represent one for each column of the line. Finally, each variable that has been split from the files line is printed separately so that you can see how to access each columns data individually. The output of the script should look something like this: Name: Larry Email: larryexample.com Phone: 111-1111 - Name: Curly Email: curlyexample.com Phone: 222-2222 - Name: Moe Email: moeexample.com Phone: 333-3333 - Although in this example were just printing out the data, it would be trivially easy to store that same information parsed from a TSV or CSV file, in a full-fledged database.

Childhood Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Childhood Obesity - Essay Example It has related obesity and performances among teenage girls in both the U.K and United States. Research has been carried out in various universities where grades have been compared to the obesity levels in girls. The researches have been caused by the numerous cases of obesity that have affected school grades. During the test, students were examined their abilities in Math, English and science (Poon 2014). Results show that obese girls acquired poor grades in the tested subjects. The studies were conducted in universities and colleges. On the contrary, the blog has proved to be false in some of the comments because other researchers have shown that both obese girls and boys have gained poor grades (Poon, 2014). Moreover, other contradicting results have been obtained from studies that have highlighted obese girls who have achieved better grades. Some psychologists have argued that there is the presence of other factors that lead to low grades in schools. The obese girls may have had other issues rather than health complications that led to their poor performance. The podcast has included discussions on the rising cases of obesity in the United States and their cause of health threats to the population (Gardner, 2010). The main presenter is Doctor Grossman who claims that parents should adopt the right programs to help their obese children. However, the doctor has used bogus claims on the consequences instead of focusing on prevention of obesity. Families should adopt obesity prevention methods to prevent their children from health complications. Prevention strategies should include the abolition of junk foods from homes and provision of advices on the dangers of obesity. Programs should include more contact time between parents and their children because they help in the sharing of knowledge about obesity (Gardner, 2010). Children should be encouraged to practice regularly rather than staying indoors and playing video games. The TV

Nuclear Program of North Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Nuclear Program of North Korea - Essay Example First of all, North Koreans could be trying to create a new relationship with the United States. On the other hand, this country could have been engaging in such a program in order to deter the United States. (Coughlin, 2000) In fact during the past, some people have asserted that the reason why North Korea has been doing this is so that they could foster trade agreements or other economic aids. On the other hand, the west would have the ability to restrain weapons made by past communist governments in North Korea. Not all people believe that this is the latter statement is the truth but it is difficult for one to determine whether it is the former assertion that is more convincing than the latter. (Niksch, 2002) It should be noted that North Korea has given its arguments in the past for engaging in nuclear programs. They asserted that there was a need to protect themselves from any sort of aggression especially from Japan, South Korea or even the United States. The North Koreans assert that they have no way of fully understanding what the real intentions of the US and other countries are towards them. Consequently, the nuclear program is a way in which North Korea can deter the security threat that can be presented from any of the above countries. While members of this country feel that this could actually be a valid argument, one cannot help but notice how insufficient it is. All the latter mentioned countries have communicated their intentions to North Korea; consequently, it becomes very difficult to know whether North Korea's arguments hold water or not. (Minchoel, 2003) Relevant historical information The nuclear program began as far back as the early nineteen sixties. At that time, the North Korean government felt that there was a need to create a fortress around North Korea by militarizing this country. This decision led to the creation of an atomic energy complex. (Bill, 2001)The country obtained students who had received their education from the Soviet and it latter placed them in training programs located at Yongbyon. At that time, the country opted to create a nuclear research centre to be located in the latter mentioned town. Here, the country was working hand in hand with the Soviet to carry out their nuclear related activities. (Albright & O'Neill, 2001) It should be noted that in the year 1965, the Soviet built a research reactor on behalf of the North Korean centre. This was the year which marked a steady supply of nuclear enriched fuel elements that were supplied to the North Korean region. This pattern of cooperation continued between the Soviet and North Korea until 1973. It should also be noted that the latter program could continue quite successfully owing to the fact that there are about four million tons worth of uranium found in North Korean mines. During the nineteen Seventies, North Korea largely focused on the process of understanding the nuclear fuel cycle. Here, they dwelt on converting, refining and fabrication of this element. Also, in that decade, North Korea was particularly effective in creating a nuclear reactor that closely resembled that one in the Soviet and other related countries through a

Causes and Effects in Zeitoun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Causes and Effects in Zeitoun - Essay Example Zeitoun, as Abdulrahman is addressed in the novel, remains in the city during the storm away from his family. His experience at sea gives him an insight into his present and he knows he has been chosen for this task. The Hurricane Katrina in particular plays a vital role as it affects the lives of many characters especially Zeitoun’s. Being away from family Zeitoun struggles in the sunken city with his canoe helping people out of the mess the storm had caused and checking on his properties. Kathy meanwhile is under great pressure from her relatives who show no respect for her religious practices such as her â€Å"hijab† and urge her to have pork. Without Zeitoun she is all alone with her children in what may seem to be a hurricane, much greater than Katrina. Zeitoun continues working hard making himself available as much as he could, feeding abandoned dogs and helping the others in need. He feels that this is a task that God has deliberately put him in so he should give it his best shot. If the storm did not occur, he would have been united with his family trying to cope with their personal issues. The hurricane brought with it a test for the people of New Orleans and exposed the brutalities of the government. Kathy manages to escape from her relatives and goes to live with her Muslim friends in Phoenix with her children. Kathy and Zeitoun talk to each other through a phone connection that is still working in one of their properties. The calls suddenly stop to Kathy’s surprise and she does not hear from her husband for many days thinking he has died. Then she learns that Zeitoun and three of his friends have been arrested. Unfortunately they were accused of being terrorists. Zeitoun receives this favor from the government for helping people in the hard time during the hurricane and the brutality which follows leaves the readers to wonder what wrong Zeitoun had done to deserve such a treatment. â€Å"The country he had left thirty years ago had been a realistic place. There were political realities there, then and now, that precluded blind faith†¦ always, would work out fairly and equitably. But he had come to believe such things in the United States. Things had worked out. Difficulties had been overcome. He had worked hard and achieved success. The machinery of government functioned. †¦--the policy, the military, the prisons--that was meant to protect people like him was devouring anyone who got close.† (Egger 2010) The politics and nature seem to be working so closely in the novel that one wonders if both were part of the same plot. The hurricane and the war on terror coincided in the United States so much so that both took the lives of the innocents some way or the other. Zeitoun is forced to stay in a Guantanamo-style jail behind a bus station where he is suspected and informed by the guards that he is a terrorist; a piece of information that he himself is surprised to hear. On being returned to hi s family he looks like â€Å"a sad old man† who has lost nearly twenty pounds of weight. Zeitoun still believes that God had His way of testing him (Egger 2010). The test seems to be a two-way deal. It did not only test a random Syrian painting contractor who lived in New Orleans, it also tested the nation’s ability to protect its own people. The story of Zeitoun spells the sorry state of affairs that the nation was undergoing. What remains a mystery

Effects of Free Speech on Children

Effects of Free Speech on Children The development of media for the last 50 years has allowed people to explore and discuss lots of concerned problems in the society but they are not always having the chance to freely speak up whatever they want to say or search for a particular topic due to censorship from the government. Since then, freedom of expression has been a controversial issue in many countries all over the world. While in Western nations, citizens have more access to freedom of expression, people in communist countries such as Vietnam and China are limited to express their ideas to certain extend. Some commentators have argued that free speech can bring upon detrimental effects on children, facilitate hate crimes, and anti-government groups to spread. It is the contention of this essay that It is a human right for people to have freedom of speech through the media without having any fear or being interfered by any forces. This essay will discuss the following aspects of free speech on media, the Internet in particular, as effects on childrens awareness, humans minds and democracy. It is a point of dispute between free speech through media and effects caused on children. It is often the case that children are exposed to adverse influences on the media through what they believe as freedom of expression. Reinhard (2004, p.170) contends that a person can still legally express his beliefs, ideas through films or music despite their viciousness and degradation, which brings up the moral issue on the media especially when children start to commit flagitious crimes. According to Bushman and Huesmann (2005, p. 351), violence on the media is most likely to increase aggressive behaviour in children, as well as, create long-term effects on children. Nevertheless, these arguments are not convincing enough. Freedom of expression through the use of media can hardly bring detrimental results such as violent behavior to children and it is, in fact, a positive influence for the development of children. A research conducted by researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital led Dr. Cheryl Olson (Beresin Schlozman 2012) proves there is no definite relationship between media violence and aggressive behaviour in children. Samenow (2012) asserts that it is the personality that leads to violence not the media. Moreover, freedom of expression is able to enhance their confidence and awareness of their right. An article on Safely Connect (Magid 2014) demonstrates that despite the risks of social media, some teachers embolden students to use it to express themselves freely and widen their horizons by exchanging learning resources with others. Having access to freedom of expression allows them to speak up their mind and, thus, address important issues and unfairness in society despite their age. In brief, practicing freedom of speech on social media beneficially affects children as it raises their confidence and awareness that their voice matters. There have been several debates on whether or not freedom of speech broadens peoples minds. It has been argued that free speech makes them more small-minded and hateful. It could be asserted that the fact that cyber-libertarians object to censorship online can help extremists to spread hate on the media (Banks 2010, p. 2). Furthermore, in the 2012 Digital Terror and Hate Report by Simon Wiesenthal Center (cited in Ring 2013, pp.1-2) about 15,000 hate sites based on race, ethnicity and sexual preference are currently active. Even though some believe that these hateful speeches are parts of freedom of expression, there has been a stronger argument by Leets (2001, p. 312) that depend on certain rules and standards, hate sites such as white supremacist websites may not be protected by the First Amendment. In addition, freedom of expression can significantly help to widen humans minds. It is undeniable that without freedom of speech human would never have been able to acquire knowledge to create a more civilized and intellectually developed world. Pinker (2015) demonstrates that by practicing free speech, human beings start to question the nature of reality and test their ideas to come up with the truth. The power of media supports this idea by allowing its users to exchange ideas and knowledge on a global scale. There is evidence that at least 4.66 billion web pages existed in mid-March 2016 while this figure is only approximately 1 billion in 2014 (Pappas 2016). This indicates how frequently people are interacting with the Internet everyday practicing free speech to broaden their horizons. Overall, social media opens up peoples knowledge and perspective by allowing them to have free speech to exchange ideas or question the reality. It is also a matter of debate between free speech on media and political movements. One argument is that freedom of expression is a tool for political reactionaries to spread and develop against the government. According to VOV (2016), a group of Vietnamese people living in exile attempt to promote sinister activities to get rid of the current Communist leadership in Vietnam. They spread false rumours about the government to bring out the anger and frustration of the local, which results in potential protests against the government based on false information. Besides, there are also evidences about ISIS recruiting its new members with the aid of the Internet (Koerner 2016). On the other hand, this argument is tenuous at best because there is strong evidence from Menn and Volz (2016) showing that in reality these types of contents are often removed on social media such as Facebook. One supporting argument for this contention is that free speech mainly results in support for democracy and fight against dictatorship (Pinker 2015). The common oil of great and resilient democracies is the free flow of debate, the proposition and contest of ideas, both good and bad, from all and by all (The Age 2015). It is further explained by Thierer (2011) that the Internet creates more opportunities for people in the Digital Age to be heard. A further contributing proof from Brooke (2012) is that the Internet users in Russia challenge their government for democracy by starting an information war and eventually, they won. Parker (2014) advocates that in the protest for democracy in Hong Kong, social media did play an extremely important role as a tool for people in Mainland China and all over the world to show their support for Hong Kong citizens. In general, freedom of speech on the media has made significant impacts on the advancement of democracy in the twenty-first century. In conclusion, taking into consideration the advantages of free speech, freedom of expression improves childrens progress in confidence and social awareness, facilitates humans to broaden their minds and knowledge, as well as, supports democracy movement in society. Thus, it is crucial for people to express whatever opinions they have without being interfered or threatened. Free speech should be applied on an appropriate scale that is pointing out the faults in the society without involving any crimes. Bibliography Banks, J 2010, Regulating hate speech online, International Review of Law, Computers Technology, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 233-239. Beresin, E Schlozman, S 2012, Violent Video Games and Movies Causing Violent Behavior, Psychology Today, viewed March 7, 2017, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/inside-out-outside-in/201212/violent-video-games-and-movies-causing-violent-behavior>. Brooke, J 2014, Internet Opens Russia for Democracy Movement, VOA, viewed March 7, 2017, http://www.voanews.com/a/internet-opens-russia-for-democracy-movement-138042478/151111.html>. Bushman, B Huesmann, L 2006, Short-term and Long-term Effects of Violent Media on Aggression in Children and Adults, Archives of Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine, vol. 160, no. 4, pp. 348-352, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/10.1001/archpedi.160.4.348>. Democracy thrives on free speech, The Age, viewed March 7, 2017, http://www.theage.com.au/comment/the-age-editorial/democracy-thrives-on-free-speech-20150113-12nfpj.html>. Koerner, B 2016, Why ISIS Is Winning the Social Media War-And How to Fight Back, WIRED, viewed March 7, 2017, https://www.wired.com/2016/03/isis-winning-social-media-war-heres-beat/>. Leets, L 2001, Responses to Internet Hate Sites: Is Speech Too Free in Cyberspace?, Communication Law and Policy, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 287-317. Magid, L 2014, Protecting children online needs to allow for their right to free speech, ConnectSafely, viewed March 7, 2017, http://www.connectsafely.org/protecting-children-online-needs-to-allow-for-their-right-to-free-speech/>. Menn, J Volz, D 2016, Facebook And Google Have New Weapons In Place To Block Extremist Videos, The Huffington Post, viewed March 7, 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/facebook-isis-videos_us_577128a2e4b017b379f66ed6>. Parker, E 2014, Social Media and the Hong Kong Protests, The New Yorker, viewed March 7, 2017, http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/social-media-hong-kong-protests>. Pinker, S 2015, Why free speech is fundamental The Boston Globe, BostonGlobe.com, viewed March 7, 2017, https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2015/01/26/why-free-speech-fundamental/aaAWVYFscrhFCC4ye9FVjN/story.html>. Reinhard, C 2004, The Ethics of Censorship: Should Governments Cover Our Childrens Eyes?, in At the Edge of Information Changing Ethical Dilemmas, Ethica Publishing, Leeds, pp. 164-172. http://www.ethicapublishing.com/6CH11.htm>. Ring, CE, 2013. Hate Speech in Social Media: An Exploration of the Problem and Its Proposed Solutions. PhD. Boulder: University of Colorado. Samenow, SE 2012, Watching Violence in the Media Does Not Cause Crime, Psychology Today, viewed March 7, 2017, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/inside-the-criminal-mind/201202/watching-violence-in-the-media-does-not-cause-crime>. Thierer, A 2011, The Internet Isnt Killing Our Culture Or Democracy, Forbes.com, viewed March 7, 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamthierer/2011/06/05/the-internet-isnt-killing-our-culture-of-democracy>. Viet Tan: terrorist and reactionary nature 2016, VOV VOV Online Newspaper, viewed March 7, 2017, http://english.vov.vn/politics/viet-tan-terrorist-and-reactionary-nature-320205.vov>.

Genital Infections Essays -- Health, STD

Introduction Rapid laboratory detection of genital infections in pregnant women is very important, mainly because of the ability of the bacteria to colonize the endocervical lining and cause injury to the fetus (1). Epidemiologic data indicated that their presence in the genital tract has been associated with the incidence of urethritis, vaginitis, cervicitis, PID, pyelonephritis and pathology of pregnancy and newborns, and, therefore, their rapid and specific diagnosis is important (2). There are more than 30 different sexually transmissible agents. The most common bacteria are Chlamydia trachomatis (C.trachomatis). The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in sexually active adolescent women, the population considered most at risk, generally exceeds 10%, and in some adolescent and STD clinic populations of women, the prevalence can reach 40%. Also in newborns occur as a result of prenatal exposure; approximately 65% of babies born from infected mothers become infected during vaginal delivery. Infections caused by C.trachomatis are particularly difficult to confine as a high proportion of these infections are asymptomatic thus making part of the population (those not tested) a reservoir for further transmission (3). While diseases caused by C.trachomatis have been recognized for many years the discovery of diseases associated with Mycoplasma genitalium (M.genitalium) are very recent findings. M.genitalium which was discovered in the early 1980s has recently been proven to be a significant pathogen similar to C.trachomatis in several respects, such as preference to the genital tract and mode of transmission. A few studies have reported on M.genitalium in PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) and TFI (Tubal Factor Infertility) and... ...ng only one sampling and one test, has proven to be a simple and rapid method for the detection of C.trachomatis and M.genitalium which is clinically very significant, particularly in management of pregnant women as a high risk groups in country. We therefore recommend that this duplex PCR assay may be used instead of conventional methods like as bacterial culture and serology for rapid and high sensitive diagnosis of genital bacterial in clinical sample. Finally our findings revealed that in Sabzevar (East region) compared with other studies done in north, center and south of Iran, infection with C.trachomatis is higher than other area and should be considered in national preventive planning for screening and treatment in response to strategic plan of Eastern Medit erranean Region of World Health Organization (EMRWHO) 2009-2015 (28).

Personal Ethnography

What is ethnicity? Ethnicities are the common characteristics of a group of people. As a large multi-national country, China is composed of 56 ethnic groups. My family is Han Chinese. Han people are majority people group in the China, account for 91. 59 of the overall Chinese population according to the Fifth National Population census of 2000. I was born and grew up in China so I would account myself, identify as the full-blooded Chinese. I don not have the complicated ethnic background. However Asian Americans have been in American for over 150 years.My ancestors never leave their homeland motivated by seeking political asylum or dreams of a money in my family history. Therefore, my roots allow me to be classified as Chinese. Mandarin is my mother tongue, all my families speak it and read it. All education is conducted in Mandarin. It does not mean there no problem among the Mandarin speakers all around the China because there are over 600 regional dialects except Mandarin. Older g eneration used to speak regional dialects, like my parents often speak Fukienese with my grandparents.Generally, China’s main religion are Buddhism, this was the only foreign religion to be absorbed into and changed by Chinese culture, contributing in many ways to the country’s cultural development. Buddhism is also my family’s beliefs, we will worship Budda in some festivals. No matter the language or the religion also help to identify me as full-blooded Chinese. Other identifying me as a Chinese by my skin color, hair, eyes, other appearance features, and ask me where I come from. I'm a little bit shy at school, and when I have questions or I need help on my subjects, I hesitate to raise my hand.Since my freshman year I have been like this. I attend every class and turn in every homework or project on time, for this reason, they identified me as an Asian, because of the stereotypes placed on Asians my behavior and attitude contributed to people's reasoning. Ch ina is the oldest civilization in the world and Chinese civilization was built on agriculture. The collective (group-oriented) nature of Chinese values is largely the product of thousands of years of living and working together on the land (Hu, Grove 1) Today, China is a communist government with a socialist ideology and a capitalist economy.Traditional festivals are celebrated in many countries all around the world. China with its long history and predominantly agricultural society has large number of traditional festivals. As Eberhard states â€Å"Few nations have such a multitude of romantic and colorful celebrations as do the Chinese† (Eberhard 31). Also, the family not the individual, is the basic unit in China, all festivals are family festivals rather than church or state festivals. The Chinese New Year was and still the most widely celebrated festival throughout the whole China.It is the time for family reunions, a time for visits with friends, a rest for the hard wor k and all sorts of entertainment. That is so true that The Chinese New year is a big event and it should be my favorite festival. The Chinese New year officially lasts one month, but in that very day everyone tries to be at home, families sit all together at a big table to share a delicious dinner. Kids wear new cloths and wait for pocket money from parents, then we have firecrackers to welcome the New year. Usually, the first day of the New Year is devoted to feasting and visiting relatives.On the second or third day friend visit and exchange good wishes. Food is one of the most significant resources in life. All cultures differentiate themselves through their development and attitude toward food. Therefore, there is a wide variation of food, which often has a lengthy developmental history, that symbolizes diverse cultural attitudes; specific foods, such as pasta for Italians, curry for Southeastern Asians, and pierogi for Poles, serve as a focus for ethnic identity (Hirschberg 57) . As a Chinese, I respect all food, and do care about it.Maybe I could say it is the most distinguished cuisine in this world. Americans like pastas, pizza or meat as entrees, however rice is a basic and important food to us. People in western countries like to use butter, cheese as ingredients, but we use soy sauce and bean curd. We have so many different techniques for cooking food, such as boiling, deep-frying and pickling, but they are not always done in the totally same ways. Take an example of boiling, one is cooking in water makes it continues to boil, and the other one is put the stuff in boiled water and then reducing the temperature.However, although Chinese people share the same culture, some food items a re available in only particular regions. I lived in south China, there are many basins and plains, which help the various harvests of food because of the warm and moist growth environment; rice, green vegetables, and animals are produced. Do not like northern China, most likely are grown for wheat. As the globalization, Chinese and Americans are interacting with each other more. The western traveler must be aware of the different greeting styles that exist in China.The most common greeting among the Chinese is Nihao, which means greetings or good day. We do use direct greetings like â€Å"Good morning†, â€Å"Good afternoon†, or â€Å"Good night†. You may use Nihao either on virtually any occasion regardless of the time of day or the social status of the person you are greeting. And the most conventional way to greet a Chinese is simply to say his or her name, perhaps adding a term of respect. For examples, a girl just back from school may call out â€Å"Baba† (Daddy) when greeting her father.I think you should not greet Chinese with kiss, hug or other physical contact beyond handshaking, these nonverbal forms will not be appreciated. given name while in the United States the reverse is true. Prepare for this paper I sea rched for several materials and look up so many book about the Chinese culture. As a Chinese I still learn lots of new acknowledge that I never know before. For instant, like Chinese New year, I did not know the origin of this festival. I would like to share information with others but I don’t want to make a label with racism or others.Racism will never end unless the word race is not used any more. We must stop separating Chinese, American, and Mexican groups. Works Cited Hirschberg, Stuart, and Terry Hirschberg. Every Day, Everywhere: Global Perspectives on Popular Culture. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2002. Print. Eberhard, Wolfram. Chinese Festivals. New York: H. Schuman, 1952. Print. Hu, Wenzhong, and Cornelius Lee. Grove. Encountering the Chinese: a Guide for Americans. Yarmouth, Me. : Intercultural, 1999. Print.

Basic Communication Process Essays

Basic Communication Process Essays Basic Communication Process Paper Basic Communication Process Paper What is communication? According to Hybel Weaver (2004, p7) the terms ‘Communication’ which is interact with others to share information and beliefs, exchange ideas and feelings, make plans and solve problems. Sometimes this interaction is done interpersonally, in a team or small group, in a conference and sometimes through the media or via computer. We may say that communication consists of transmitting information from one people to another. Communication theory is explains the process of transmitting information, the form and structure of the information, the function and effects of the information. The best ways to understand the communication is to look at models of the process which can help us to understand. Within this paper, we will emphasis â€Å"A Models of the Basic Communication Process† (Verderber Verderber, 2008) features whilst compare with other communication theory. A Model of the Basic Communication Process A Model of the Basic Communication Process which is expanded from the Liner Model of communication by adding feedback to this model, the essential components of communication includes: Sender, Receivers, Messages, Noise, Channels, Feedback and Context. These components are interactive. When two people are communicating, it describes each component’s movement and interdependence with other components which are constantly in transmission to each other. These components also show that communication is a process, it works together as a system, that interaction and transaction are both possible modes of communication. Now that we can see how these components relate during communication, we will discuss each one separately as follow. Sender Receivers Hybels Weaver (2004, p. 9) stated that in the most communication situations, each people are both a sender and receiver. They have information, ideas and feeling to share with others, this sharing is not a one-way process, when one people send ideas to the other people which is receives the message and the process is reversed. Sender translates the ideas or feelings into words or sounds and sent the message to the receiver that process called encoding. In the other hand, receiver to interpret the messages from the sender, that process called decoding. Messages Pearson, Nelson, Titsworth Harter (2006, p. 11) point out that communication messages take many forms which can communicate verbally and nonverbally. The message is a content of the interaction; it includes the symbols for us to use to communicate our ideas, as well as facial expressions, bodily movements etc. Some experts believe that communication stem only from messages that have a purpose. Each message is unique, even if the same message were to be created over and over again, it would be different with each others, although the words might be the same, the messages expressed would be quite different. Noise In the communication process, noise interferes with people receiving a message someone is sending or receiving message. The perceptive communicator realizes: Noise can have both internal and external causes. Internal noise is attributed to the psychological makeup, intellectual ability, or physical condition of communicators. External noise is attributed to the environment. Thus, noise includes distractions such as a loud siren, a disturbing odor, and a hot room; personal factors such as prejudices, daydreaming and feelings of inadequacy; and semantic factors such as uncertainty about what another person’s words are supposed to mean (Gamble 2008, p. 8) Channels Refer to Eunson (2005, p. 1), Channel is the route by which messages flow between sender and receivers. The communication channels allow us to see people’s facial expression and hear voices via radio or television. Communication rarely take place over one channel, it may be use two, three or four different channels simultaneously. Familiar channels include the different type which is include television, smoke signal, telephones, e mail, movies, voices, reports and so on. Feedback Another component in the communication process is feedback, Devito (2006, p. 7) described that the response to a message that a receiver sends back to a sender. Feedback enables a sender to determine whether the communication has been received and understood as intended. Feedback is a natural extension of effective receiving. Receivers have the responsibility of attending to, decoding and determining a message’s intended meaning. Effective of the communication, sender has the ability to understand the feedback and to adjust messages on the basis of that feedback. Context The context refers to surrounding in which communication occurs. Verderber Verderber (2008, p. 6) point out that the context includes: Physical Context, Social Context, Historical Context and Psychological Context. Each context have different characteristic: ? Physical context is the location, e. g. the environmental, the distance between communicators, seating arrangements, etc. ?Social Context refers to the status of relationship between the participants. ?Historical context is the background provided by previous communication event between the participants. ?Psychological context includes the moods and ideas of each people bring to the interpersonal experience. Each context will affect the degree of formality in the communication. What different with the transmission model of communication? Summarized Wood (2003, p. 17) said, transmission model was an early model of communication, which described it as a linear or one-way process. It also best known model of communication is one devised by Shannon and Weaver (1949). This model is in a simple, easily understood form and a general model that can be applied to most types of communication. The transmission model of communication consists of the following components: Sender, Receiver, Message, Code, Channel and Noise. In this model, it ignores the important component of the responding Feedback from the receiver. At this point, Wood (2003, p. 8) defined that: Feedback may be verbal, nonverbal, or both and it may be intentional or unintentional. Wilbur Schramm (1955) depicted feedback as a second kind of message in the communication process. Research has confirmed Schramm’s insight that feedback is important. Supervisors report that communication accuracy and on-the-job productivity rise when they encourage their subord inates to give feedback – ask questions, comment on supervisors’ messages, and respond to supervisory communication (Deal Kennedy, 1999) Communication relied on the feedback to make the necessary adjustments. Communication is an interactive process which relies on the active participation of both sender and receiver; therefore, the transmission model is not an accurate to reflect the complex nature of communication. It fails to allow explains of meaning which is so important to our success in communicating with each others. Overview Hybels Waeaver (2004 p. 28) concluded that everyone needs good communication skills. Communication is ongoing process in which people share ideas and feelings. The communication also is the interdependent process, the essential component of communication include: sender-receivers, messages, noise, channels, feedback and context. Communication plays a important role in all aspects of our lives. So that, effective communication help us to enhances our relationships and allows us to make connections with people from different cultures. Each of the communication process can improve our effectiveness as communicators by applying the guidelines and principles. ~ End ~ Reference List Devito, J 2006, Human Communication The Basic Course, 10th Edition, Pearson Education Inc. USA Eunson, B 2005, Communicating in the 21st Century, Wiley, Milton, Queensland Gamble, M Gamble, T 2005, Communication Works, 9th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York. Hybels, S Weaver, R 2004, Communicating Effectively, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York Pearson, J, Nelson, P, Titsworth, S Harter, L 2006, Human Communication, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York Wood, J 2003, Comm unication in Our Live, 3rd Edition, Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc, USA Verderber, R Verderber K 2008, Communicate, 12th Edition, Thomson Higher Education, USA

Goverment policy and perfect competetion

Goverment policy and perfect competetion How efficient the economy is operating largely depends on the level of the competition in the market. Level of competition in economic theory is divided into three different categories, named the perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly. Barriers of entry is one of the key points to distinguish the difference between the levels, thus it is, to a certain extent, the authorities' main task to keep the entry barriers low, where the market can operate efficiently, but it does not mean the monopolistic market structure is always inefficient. This essay will compare both form of structures and discuss the competition policies and the importance of lowering the barriers of entry. It refers to the work of Anderton, Sloman, Hanson and other economists.Perfect competition in a market consists of many small firms selling identical products and services. Because there are so many firms involved, it makes no difference to the buyer where he/she purchases from.English: Diagram showing that it is possible that ...Demand is perfectly elastic and the firm is price taker - since the companies individually produce a very small percentage of the total industry output, they have no influence on the market price. They can only accept the prevailing market price. In order to maximise its profit, the firm will produce at a quantity where marginal cost equals marginal revenue, i.e. the price. Although in the short run, if the price is higher or lower than average cost, there will be a supernormal profit or an economic loss accordingly, because of complete freedom of costless entry and exit for firms and all producers' and consumers' perfect knowledge of the market, either of them will be eliminated by competition, leaving no incentive for firms to either enter or quit the market. And the long run equilibrium under perfect competition keeps market price at the level...

COns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

COns - Essay Example It did so to improve its profitability. The essay entails an assessment of the effectiveness of the unique rebranding and marketing strategy developed and adopted by CMG. Chipotle Mexican Grill (CMG) is a chain of restaurants with its major operations in U.S.A Canada, Germany, U.K., and France. The company falls under the Indices S& P 500 Retail-Eating Places industry. It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange Market and supplies a variety of unique foods. The company was started by one Steve Ells back in 1998 in Colorado, with only 16 restaurants (Chipotle Mexican Grill 2015). Chipotle became an entity in 2006 when McDonald Company considered divesting its operations, due to increased investments. Today, the company has more than 1600 location internationally. Its annual net income is more than US $300 million. The company total employs more than 45,000 people today (Chipotle Mexican Grill 2015). The main menu offered by the company comprises burritos, tacos, burrito bowls, and salads. The pricing of these foods depends on the type of ingredients mix used for each. Some of the ingredients are pork carnitas, chicken, barbacoa, steak, and vegetables. These foods are made of raw, fresh and healthy ingredients that are obtained through classic cooking techniques. They are usually dished up in unique environments. The company’s vision focuses on providing Food with Integrity. Chipotle is looking forward to providing healthier foods from various fresh ingredients, including ingredients that are grown naturally. To make such foods, the company takes caution while making selections from the animals, land, and the farmers. Nearly all the meat foods supplied by Chipotle restaura nts are raised naturally. According to Chipotle Mexican Grill (2015), they are described as â€Å"coming from animals that are never given antibiotics or added hormones and that are raised responsibly.† Chipotle founder CEO, Steve Ells, once said, "When I created Chipotle in 1993,

Cross-Cultural Management Difference Between France and China Essay

Cross-Cultural Management Difference Between France and China - Essay Example Communication can be low context or high context. A high context communication would require minimum use of words as the communicators already have most of the information while a low context communication requires more explicit explanations as the communicators do not have the background information. Usually, people coming from cultures that have close family bonding and a huge network of friends, resort to high context communication with members of their culture. French are relatively high context individuals when compared to the Americans and other North European nationals. Thus, the communication is faster and uses fewer words. However, the flip side of this is that French do not trust other people’s analyses. They want to analyze everything on their own and will keep doing the analysis till they get all the information (to the lowest level of detail) they want (Hall and Hall 1997). The physical position an individual occupies in office determines his perception of power. French prefer to occupy a central position in office and like to be surrounded by subordinates to keep themselves at the locus of an information network (Hall and Hall 1997). Monochronic culture is one in which one activity is done at a time. Time is considered as a valuable asset and one that should not be wasted. Here, time is divided into schedules and only one activity is concentrated during a particular schedule. People from Polychronic cultures do not give too much emphasis to time schedules and indulge in many activities at a time.... However, the flip side of this is that French do not trust other people’s analyses. They want to analyze everything on their own and will keep doing the analysis till they get all the information (to the lowest level of detail) they want (Hall and Hall 1997). Territory The physical position an individual occupies in office determines his perception of power. French prefer to occupy central position in office and like to be surrounded by subordinates to keep themselves at the locus of information network (Hall and Hall 1997). Monochronic and Polychronic culture Monochronic culture is one in which one activity is done at a time. Time is considered as a valuable asset and one that should not be wasted. Here, time is divided into schedules and only one activity is concentrated during a particular schedule. People from Polychronic cultures do not give too much emphasis to time schedules and indulge in many activities at a time. They give more importance to completing human transact ions than adhering to time schedules. French are polychronic people. As a result they are committed to human relations, are easily interrupted and usually have flexile plans (Hall and Hall 1997). Thus, French meetings are characterized by high information flow, not too tight on agenda and participants already aware of what will be discussed in the meeting. The end result of the meeting is thought to bring about a consensus rather than stick to deadlines (Hall and Hall 1997). In short, as French are high context individuals they do not like to be told what to do. They take it as an offence. They also give a lot of importance to style and form. As they are polychronic individuals, they would not mind a person coming late in a meeting, but would

Coca Cola Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Coca Cola Marketing - Essay Example While Coca-Cola remains mindful of all its responsibilities, its constant endeavor is to maximize long-term returns to the shareowners. As an organization, Coca-Cola takes due care about people's health and well-being. The company aspires to make a positive difference in people's lives. It also seeks to help them lead active and healthy lifestyles. The company not only supports programs that encourage active living but also plays a leading role in identifying and implementing solutions to combat the issues of obesity. Product Portfolio The company has in its product repertoire more than 3,500 beverages ranging from diet and regular sparkling beverages. Over the years, the company has added still beverages like 100 percent fruit juices and fruit drinks, water, sports and energy drinks in its product portfolio. Teas, coffees, and milk-and soy-based beverages are slowly but surely increasing as a proportion of the total product portfolio of the company. Amongst all its brands, companyâ €™s namesake brand Coca-Cola, popularly known as Coke, remains the company’s most popular and biggest-selling soft drink in history. Along with the Coca-Cola, which is the world’s most valuable brand, the company owns and markets four of the world’s top five nonalcoholic sparkling beverage brands, including Diet Coke, Fanta and Sprite. The Company's product portfolio also features 15 billion dollar brands including Powerade, Minute Maid, Simply and Georgia. One of the most recent successful launches for the company has that been of Coca-Cola Zero. The company, in 2009, sold more than 600 million cases of Coca-Cola Zero globally. The company's beverages are reportedly consumed at a rate of 1.7 billion servings a day. Mission of Coca-Cola Armed with numerous quality beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy people's desires and needs, the Coca Cola Company’s stated mission is to refresh the world, inspire moments of optimism and happiness, to create v alue and make a difference. Positioning of Coca-Cola Coca-Cola has been positioned as a brand that inspires creativity, passion, optimism and fun. Customer Snapshot The vast array of beverages from the stable of Coca-Cola satiates the diverse and ever-changing needs of millions of consumers around the world. The company has its distribution channels in over 200 countries of the world and its products cater to consumers of different demographic profiles and to consumers belonging to different socio-economic classes. Historically the company’s brands catered to the youth only. However with the addition of numerous products, sportspersons, health conscious, adults form consumers of the company. Competitive Analysis and Market Share The decades old competition between Coca-Cola and Pepsi has been referred to as the ‘Cola Wars’. These two beverage behemoths have been arc rivals and have indulged in what may be termed as a ‘brand vs. brand’ battle in all t he markets in which they operate. Globally, Coca-Cola has a slight edge over Pepsi, even though the market share situations may vary in different geographies. In the U.S market Coca-Cola has a market share of close to 43 percent vis-a-vis 30 percent market share of Pepsi. Numerous other players share the rest of the 27 percent market share. Marketing Budget The Coca-Cola Company does not divulge the amount it spends on advertising by country, brand, or media

Feminism and Homosexuality in Theater Essay Example for Free

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